Train timetable optimization is the academic field and methodological approach focused on the strategic planning and scheduling of train movements within a railway network under planned or ideal operating conditions. It investigates the optimal determination of train paths, arrival, departure, and passage times at stations and along track segments, considering infrastructure constraints, operational rules, and diverse objectives such as maximizing capacity utilization, minimizing energy consumption, ensuring punctuality, and satisfying passenger demand, thereby establishing the fundamental operational blueprint for the railway system.